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Cadence and its derived measurements are fundamental metrics in many sports. For version 0.9.7 I want to add a Cadence tool. For the past few days I have gathered a number of ideas for user interaction and features, please add your feedback and comments.

The idea of this thread is to gather everything you can think of that may influence the design. It's a brainstorming exercise: all ideas are welcomed, we'll sort them out later.


Main use cases: Running, Swimming, Cycling, Rowing. (Add your use-case and the kind of metrics you use in the comments).

1. General interaction
- A way to add/remove a "beat" (marking the cycle). This should be a keyboard shortcut and a menu.
- A way to add/remove/update several time sections (connected or disconnected) inside which the cadence will be computed.

2. Cadence display
- count, cadence, half cadence, double cadence.
- The raw count can be interesting for example in 400 m Hurdles where we want to know how many strides are taken between each hurdle. Or simply as a repetition counter for any sort of exercises.
- half cadence and double cadence: for example in swimming it's easier to mark the beat when a specific arm goes down into the water but we may want to know the stroke rate instead. In running it's easier to tap a beat on each step but we might be interested in a tempo based on the full cycle.
- Precision: integer cycles or fractional cycles. (70 rpm vs 70.512 rpm). Fractional raw count may be interesting as well.

Question
- Do you think the simple counter and the cadence tool should be two different tools? It seems a bit convoluted to use a cadence tool if all you want is to quickly count reps.

3. Partial cycles in a given period
- I'm thinking the "beats" should be recorded independently of the time sections, as they may not always align.
- This means we can have partial cycles at the begining and the end of the time section.
- For the "raw count" display we'll need to know if these should be included in the count.
- For calculating the cadence we can probably always use the whole cycles in the period and divide by the time span they cover, it will be more precise than trying to guess the fraction of cycle at the corners.

4. Compute period
- The basic idea is thus to compute cadence by averaging over the time section (full cycles divided by their span).
- Another idea would be to compute the cadence based on the last X seconds or the last X cycles. How useful is this?

5. Distance calibration
- If we know the distance covered during the time period we can compute extra metrics.
- Stride or stroke length.
- Pace (time per distance unit).
- So it should be possible to go and specify the distance coordinate of time section end points.
- However, this calibration is going to be over the whole time section, so now we definitely need to to deal with the partial cycles at the start and end of the section.

6. Units
- Each sport uses a different cycle name and time span for their canonical "frequency". Step, stride, stroke, revolution, rotation… per minute, per second.
- I guess the default unit should probably be "Hertz" to stay neutral and SI.
- Then it would be nice to be able to configure the actual unit name you are interested in computing/displaying.
- Should this be configurable per object or in the global preferences like speed/acceleration units?

7. Cadence deviation
- It could be interesting to be able to set a reference cadence and then have the tool show how much the measured cadence deviates from that reference.
- Possible measures for deviation: raw time delta compared to the expected beat, fraction of cycle.
- Actually this deviation doesn't even need a reference, we could compute the average cadence and display the deviation at the current position compared to that running average.


https://www.kinovea.org/screencaps/0.9.7/metronome.png Cadence

https://www.kinovea.org/screencaps/0.9.7/counter.png Counter


That's all I can think of for now. Please add more ideas and comments below, so we can have a good overview.

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A Cadence tool could be useful Joan. I coach dragon boat racing and sometimes relate cadence data to boat speed or paddler action. Usually, I extract the data from object tracking info. But entering data from the keyboard is useful especially if the video is not suitable for kinematic analysis.
1. General interaction
Keyboard interaction is fine
2. Cadence display
- count, cadence, half cadence, double cadence.
- The raw count can be interesting for example in 400 m Hurdles where we want to know how many strides are taken between each hurdle. Or simply as a repetition counter for any sort of exercises.
- half cadence and double cadence: for example, in swimming it's easier to mark the beat when a specific arm goes down into the water but we may want to know the stroke rate instead. In running it's easier to tap a beat on each step but we might be interested in a tempo based on the full cycle. cumulative water time vs air time would be very useful, so summing half cadence time (paddle in, paddle out) will address this
- Precision: integer cycles or fractional cycles. (70 rpm vs 70.512 rpm). Fractional raw count may be interesting as well. For human subjects, integer cycle count is fine, and cumulative water/air time in ms is good
Question
- Do you think the simple counter and the cadence tool should be two different tools? It seems a bit convoluted to use a cadence tool if all you want is to quickly count reps. maybe a 2 step tool, first count, then analyse
3. Partial cycles in a given period
I am not sure what you are trying to say here.
I think cadence count is always full cycles over a selected time span
4. Compute period
- The basic idea is thus to compute cadence by averaging over the time section (full cycles divided by their span).
- Another idea would be to compute the cadence based on the last X seconds or the last X cycles. How useful is this?
cadence will vary at different stages (e.g. start, steady, burst, finish). So being able to record and save data for each selected piece is important
5. Distance calibration
- If we know the distance covered during the time period we can compute extra metrics. that data may come from other sensors. It would be nice if users can import such data and display on the video
- Stride or stroke length.
- Pace (time per distance unit).
- So it should be possible to go and specify the distance coordinate of time section end points.
- However, this calibration is going to be over the whole time section, so now we definitely need to to deal with the partial cycles at the start and end of the section.
extra metrics need to be for each time interval. It would be nice if they can be shown in the kinematic analysis grahs
6. Units
Hertz is fine
7. Cadence deviation
I don't think that is needed, coaches and athletes know what the reference is and will judge whether the observed cadence is significantly different from what's desired

Hope this helps